基于SPE与SPATT的水体中麻痹性贝类毒素检测方法构建与应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张亚亚  闫国旺  吴海燕  谭志军  张志华  江涛  李玉 《海洋与湖沼》2020,51(2):298-306

为实现麻痹性贝类毒素(paralytic shellfish poisoning,PSP)的实时监控与提前预警,本研究构建了基于固相萃取技术(solid phase extraction,SPE)与固相吸附毒素跟踪技术(solid phase adsorption toxin tracking,SPATT)的水体中PSP检测方法,重点优化了吸附材料及前处理方法,评价了回收率、检出限等指标,并将方法应用于2019年春季秦皇岛山海关海域PSP消长过程的监测中,比较评估了两种方法的监控预警效果。结果表明:SPE方法选用ENVI-Carb 500mg/6mL固相萃取柱,过样体积为50mL,13种PSP组分的平均回收率为82.2%±10.0%、检出限为4.0-20.0ng/L;SPATT方法选用SP207大孔吸附树脂,洗脱时间为静置Id最佳,整体回收率约为9.2%;在实际应用中,结合产毒藻密度及贻贝富集毒素含量的变化,发现SPE方法的检测结果可实时表征海域PSP风险状况,对于贻贝中PSP的预警效果也显著优于SAPTT方法,后者不仅因监控方式相对滞后一个监测周期,且灵敏度及准确性均较差。对于秦皇岛海域,当SPE方法检测结果达到100ng STX eq/L时,该海域贻贝中PSP残留将具有潜在的食用安全风险,跟踪过程表明这一阈值可提前两周预警贻贝富集毒素含量超出我国限量标准(800μg STX eq/kg),这对于强化风险警示并制定防范措施具有积极作用。  相似文献   

利用限制性最大似然方法和贝叶斯方法估计大菱鲆生长性状的遗传参数。   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

官健涛  王伟继  胡玉龙  王陌桑  田涛  孔杰 《海洋学报(英文版)》2017,36(6):47-51

Bayesian and restricted maximum likelihood(REML) approaches were used to estimate the genetic parameters in a cultured turbot Scophthalmus maximus stock. The data set consisted of harvest body weight from 2 462progenies(17 months old) from 28 families that were produced through artificial insemination using 39 parent fish. An animal model was applied to partition each weight value into a fixed effect, an additive genetic effect, and a residual effect. The average body weight of each family, which was measured at 110 days post-hatching, was considered as a covariate. For Bayesian analysis, heritability and breeding values were estimated using both the posterior mean and mode from the joint posterior conditional distribution. The results revealed that for additive genetic variance, the posterior mean estimate( δ_a~2=9 320) was highest but with the smallest residual variance,REML estimates( δ_a~2=8 088) came second and the posterior mode estimate( δ_a~2=7 849) was lowest. The corresponding three heritability estimates followed the same trend as additive genetic variance and they were all high. The Pearson correlations between each pair of the three estimates of breeding values were all high,particularly that between the posterior mean and REML estimates(0.996 9). These results reveal that the differences between Bayesian and REML methods in terms of estimation of heritability and breeding values were small. This study provides another feasible method of genetic parameter estimation in selective breeding programs of turbot.  相似文献   

新疆鸟类新纪录——白腹鹞(Circus spilonotus)     

王音明  刘枫  马鸣  张国强  苟军  文翠华 《干旱区地理》2015,38(5):1085-1086

白腹鹞(Circus spilonotus)又叫东方泽鵟,在阿勒泰地区布尔津县(47°46'N, 86°49'E)有多次记录,现确定为新疆新纪录种(或亚种)。但是,在2015年5~7月繁殖期观察,发现它可能与雌性白头鹞(Circus aeruginosus)杂交。两者无论是在形态与行为,还是在地理分布隔离方面,都存在疑团,其分类地位值得商榷。  相似文献   

生猪养殖产业集聚演化的环境效应研究——以嘉兴市辖区为例   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

姚文捷 《地理科学》2015,35(9):1140-1147

通过引入区位熵的方法,构建生猪养殖产业集聚演化的环境效应模型,旨在从理论层面揭示出生猪养殖污染本身的特殊性和内在的规律性。以嘉兴市辖区为样本的研究表明,生猪养殖污染集聚程度与生猪养殖产业集聚程度存在的倒U型曲线关系,本质上是生产的环境负外部性效应,以及对其实施纠正措施的演化轨迹。生猪养殖生产的环境负外部性效应曲线在污染治理政策的作用下,随着产业集聚程度的提高由向右上方倾斜而逐渐向下弯曲;在受到耕地资源约束时,会向上平移;在因下弯而减轻的污染集聚程度被因上移而增加的污染集聚程度所抵消并盖过时,污染治理政策则有可能是失效的。因此,生猪养殖污染治理政策的实施,必须将城镇化推进所引起的耕地资源的变化考虑在内。  相似文献   

Reproductive cues in Panulirus ornatus     

N.G. Sachlikidis  C. M. Jones  J. E. Seymour 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(2):305-310

Two experiments were performed to assess the effect of photoperiod and temperature on spawning of Panulirus ornatus. In experiment 1, sexually mature lobsters taken from the wild during summer were held at one of two photoperiods, winter (13 Light: 11 Dark) and summer (14.5 Light:9.5 Dark). Additionally, lobsters were also exposed to either summer (29°C) or winter (24°C) average water temperatures. Spawning was significantly greater when animals were exposed to summer photoperiod than to winter photoperiod, irrespective of temperature. Although a higher percentage of lobsters spawned when placed under a higher temperature, this trend was not statistically significant. In experiment 2, sexually mature lobsters were taken from the wild during winter and exposed to the same two photoperiods as in experiment 1, at a summer equivalent temperature of 29°C. Breeding started earlier and was more successful at the summer photoperiod. Time to first breeding was 17 weeks after exposure to summer photoperiod, compared with less than 1 week in experiment 1, and did not occur until individuals had moulted. Moulting occurred in 81% of lobsters, primarily after an increase in temperature to 29°C. The time between moulting and mating was varied and there was no significant difference in moult frequency between the two experimental photoperiods. After the lobsters had moulted, breeding success was reached earlier if photoperiod was lengthened. Results suggest photoperiod is the primary cue for the onset of gonad maturity and mating activity, with temperature playing a less important role. Physiological rest and possibly a moult may be required between breeding seasons before spawning can occur. Furthermore, temperature may be an important cue for pre‐reproduction moulting.  相似文献   

Evaluation of the "time factor" and "light factor" methods for estimating daily phytoplankton production at the sea surface     

《African Journal of Marine Science》2013,35(1):139-143

Daily phytoplankton production was estimated at the sea surface in the southern Benguela Current during January, March, April and October 1978 by different methods of calculation. Actual daily production (P_{24 meas}) was obtained from a series of short-term (3—4 h) incubations spanning 24 hours. Daily production was also extrapolated from single measurements during daylight by the "time factor" and "light factor" methods of calculation. These estimates (P_{24 calc}) vary considerably from P_{24 meas}, but on average they underestimate daily production. Estimates by the "light factor" method are generally lower and more variable than those from the "time factor" method. Differences in amplitude and timing of fluctuations in the rate of net production during daylight make it impossible to calculate reliable factors for correcting diel variations in photosynthesis when estimating daily production from short-term measurements. It is suggested that the effects of diel variation in production are likely to be less significant in the euphotic zone as a whole than at the sea surface alone.  相似文献   

三角帆蚌(Hyriopsis cumingii)外套膜无核珍珠颜色成因的育珠实验     

张根芳  许式见  方爱萍 《海洋与湖沼》2013,44(2):532-536

用紫色蚌和非紫色蚌制取细胞小片,分别插入紫色蚌和非紫色蚌外套膜内,探究三角帆蚌(Hyriopsis cumingii)无核珍珠颜色与制片蚌、育珠蚌的关系;用不同类型制片蚌的不同部位制取细胞小片,分别插入育珠蚌外套膜内,进一步探究珍珠颜色与制片蚌珍珠质颜色的关系。结果表明,以紫色蚌为制片蚌,所产的珍珠为紫色系,珍珠紫色深浅与细胞小片所对应部位的制片蚌珍珠质紫色深浅呈正相关。以非紫色蚌为制片蚌,所产的珍珠有白色系和黄色系,珍珠黄色深浅与细胞小片所对应部位的制片蚌珍珠质黄色深浅呈正相关。三角帆蚌外套膜无核珍珠颜色是由提供细胞小片的制片蚌珍珠质颜色所决定,而与育珠蚌无关。该结论支持珍珠囊表皮细胞来自于移植细胞小片的观点。该结果表明,通过定向选育纯紫、纯白色贝壳珍珠质三角帆蚌新品系,即可培育出纯紫、纯白色无核珍珠。  相似文献   

Comparison and history of Polydora websteri and P. haswelli (Polychaeta: Spionidae) as mud-blister worms in New Zealand shellfish     

Geoffrey B Read 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(2):83-100

Shells of commercially valued bivalves in New Zealand, Crassostrea gigas, Perna canaliculus and Pecten novaezelandiae, are damaged by blister-causing Polydora polychaete species known to be close in morphology to the widely recorded oyster pest Polydora websteri Hartman. Recent New Zealand occurrences are here confirmed to relate to two species, P. websteri, and a second similar species, Polydora haswelli Blake & Kudenov, a new record for New Zealand, previously known only from Australia; the two species are described and compared. The worms have limited distributions, with P. websteri confirmed only for Pacific oysters (C. gigas) in northern New Zealand, although prior reports indicate it may also occur on scallops and have reached the northern South Island. Polydora haswelli has been found only in northern New Zealand, occurring on subtidal mussels and scallops and native oysters (Perna canaliculus, Pecten novaezelandiae, Ostrea chilensis), as well as co-existing with intertidal P. websteri on Pacific oysters. The worms are not present in Foveaux Strait O. chilensis beds, a major source of past oyster exports to Australia. The history of mud-blister worm outbreaks in Australasia is examined. While trans-Tasman exports of live oysters from New Zealand were commonplace during the nineteenth century, there is no evidence that mud-blister worms were present in New Zealand then. The earliest reports only date from the early 1970s and only from northern New Zealand, whereas a century earlier in the 1870s at least one of these pest worms had become widespread along eastern Australian coasts.  相似文献   

大泷六线鱼人工繁殖及育苗技术初步研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

潘雷  胡发文  高凤祥  菅玉霞  张少春  王雪  郭文 《海洋科学》2012,36(12):39-44

总结了2009 ～2010年关于大泷六线鱼(Hexagrammos otakii)人工繁殖及育苗技术的研究结果,论述了大泷六线鱼苗种繁育的关键技术.通过对亲鱼强化培育和促熟,创新发明人工平面授精技术和网箱吊式孵化技术,加强饵料的合理搭配与投喂、水质调控技术等措施,突破了大泷六线鱼人工繁殖的技术难点,明显提高了受精率、孵化率和苗种成活率,解决了人工繁殖大泷六线鱼苗种生产问题.在水温16～ 17℃,盐度31,光照500 ～ 1000 1x的培育条件下,大泷六线鱼鱼苗经过90 ～ 100 d的培育,全长生长至5 ～6cm.2009和2010年分别培育出全长5 cm以上大泷六线鱼鱼苗4.1万尾、11.4万尾,苗种成活率分别达到41.7％、43.2％,在国内首次实现了大泷六线鱼人工规模化繁育.  相似文献   

红壳色文蛤选育子代各壳色的形态分化及养殖效果的比较   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

吴杨平  姚国兴  陈爱华  张志伟  张曹进  张雨 《台湾海峡》2012,31(3):412-419,446

以红壳色为目标性状,于2009年进行了文蛤(Meretrix meretrix)的群体选育研究,建立了红壳色选系子一代(Fl),对子一代壳色种类、分布频率及其数量性状进行了统计、测量和分析,并对各壳色的形态、生长速度做了研究.结果表明,文蛤壳色具有多态性,红色、黄色、白双、黄双、波纹的分布频率分别为75.58%、8.55%、0.53%、14.83%、0.50%.红壳色亲本的子代中出现红色∶花色=3∶1,符合孟德尔遗传模式.聚类分析与欧氏距离矩阵结果表明,文蛤波纹与黄色遗传距离最近,白双与黄双遗传距离相近,与红壳色的遗传距离最远.主成分分析显示白双文蛤与黄双文蛤在空间分布上相对重叠,波纹文蛤与黄色文蛤具有较高的重叠率,而红壳色文蛤相对分散,从而进一步说明5种壳色文蛤的遗传距离关系.经过1a同池养殖,子代壳长多数已达到10～30 mm,红壳色文蛤的日生长率为0.20%,花壳色文蛤的日生长率为0.18%,且红壳色文蛤的相对比较生长速度比花壳色文蛤快10.41%.红壳色文蛤选育子代的壳长与壳宽、壳高、粒重存在一定的回归关系.红壳色文蛤壳长对壳宽、壳高、粒重的回归方程分别为:y1=0.502 4x1-0.556 0(R2=0.992 0)、y3=0.8103x3+0.620 0(R2=0.995 6)、y5=0.000 3x25.9029(R2=0.991 9),花壳色文蛤壳长对壳宽、壳高、粒重的回归方程分别为:y2=0.495 3x2-0.419 2(R2=0.990 9)、y4=0.798 5x4+0.793 5(R2=0.995 6)、y6=0.000 4x26.845 8(R2=0.993 4).研究结果为文蛤的红壳色定向选育奠定了理论基础.  相似文献